Four 2,3-butanediol producing strains were compared to utilize xylose,in which Klebsiella pneumoniae CICC 10011 was the best,with which as the starting strain xylose mother liquor was used to produce 2,3-butanediol.Firstly,single-factor experiments were carried out to study the effects of xylose mother liquor and nitrogen source.The fermentation medium was then optimized by orthogonal design.The optimized composition was as follows: xylose mother liquor 90 g/L,CSLP 12 g/L,K2HPO4 7 g/L,KH2PO4 2 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 2 g/L,sodium citrate 3 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L,FeSO4·7H2O 0.005 g/L,MnSO4·7H2O 0.005 g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.01 g/L.Under above conditions,final concentration of 2,3-butanediol reached 35.7 g/L,7.5 g/L higher than that under the initial conditions,the yield was 92 % of the theory.