Biologics for inherited disorders of keratinisation: A systematic review

Abstract Background/Objectives Recent literature highlights the potential of biologics in the management of inherited disorders of keratinisation. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of existing literature on treatment outcomes of inherited keratinisation disorders treated with biologics. Methods Eligible records were retrieved through searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Scopus. Databases were searched from inception to July 2023 for eligible records. A snowballing method was employed to search the references of the retrieved records for the identification of potentially relevant articles. Results One hundred and four eligible studies consisting of a total of 166 patients with an inherited disorder of keratinisation were included. Patients had a median age of 19 years (range: 0.5 to 70 years). The most common disorders were Netherton syndrome ( n = 63; 38%), autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses ( n = 27; 16%), CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruptions ( n = 17; 10%) and familial pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) ( n = 15; 9%).Of the 207 times biologics were employed, the three most frequently employed biologics were secukinumab ( n = 47; 23%), dupilumab ( n = 44; 21%) and ustekinumab ( n = 37; 18%). Complete remission was observed in 10 (5%) instances, partial remission in 129 (62%), no or limited response to biologic therapy in 68 (32%) cases, and results are still pending in one case. A total of 33 adverse events were reported. Conclusions Whilst biologics may be considered in cases of inherited keratinisation disorders recalcitrant to standard therapy, definitive conclusions are prohibited by the low‐level of evidence and substantial heterogeneity in methodology across the included studies. Establishment of consensus definitions, and randomised clinical trials may help ascertain the efficacy and safety of biologic therapy in this context and establish the best agent and dosing protocol for each disorder.