Constructing highly reversible zinc batteries under high depth of discharge & current density conditions via quaternary ammonium cations modulating electric field force and competitive solvation

TMA + neutralizes negative charges on Zn deposits, optimizing Zn 2+ deposition and reducing the EDL electric field. It suppresses dendritic growth and competes with Zn 2+ for water molecules, enhancing the performance of symmetric cells under high DoD.