Unipolar-stroke Electrochemical Artificial Muscles

Synchronous function of an ion-exchange polymer and carbon nanotube (CNT) leads to a splendid unipolar-stroke motion and superior actuation performance, in yarn artificial muscles. The ionic polymer proposed in this survey alters the zero potential to create a unipolar muscle (monotonical-stroke) behavior). This study is a great paradigm shift toward application of versatile systems and abundant, but highly functional materials for rehabilitation and healing purposes.