Anti‐HIV Compounds from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Chaetomium globosum

Abstract Chemical investigation on the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Chaetomium globosum led to the isolation of nine compounds. By extensive analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR‐ESI‐MS spectra, their structures were elucidated as xylariol A (1), 1,3‐dihydro‐4,5,6‐trihydroxy‐7‐methylisobenzofuran (2), epicoccone B (3), epicoccolide B (4), chaetoglobosin G (5), chaetoglobosin Fex (6), cochliodone A (7), cochliodone B (8), and chaetoviridin A (9), assorting as four phenolics (1–4), two cytochalosans (5–6), and three azaplilones (7–9). Compounds 1–3 were firstly reported from C. globosum. Under the concentrations of 20 μg/mL, 1, 2, and 3 exhibited potent in vitro anti‐HIV activity with the inhibition rates of 70 %, 75 %, and 88 %, respectively.