Fabrication of label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles modified disposable ITO: An analytical platform for antibiotic detection in food samples

• An electrochemical immunosensor was introduced for the first time towards ampicillin detection. • The suggested immunosensor was prepared by using a conductive amine functionalized nanostructured MoS 2 based nanoparticles as an immobilization platform. • The proposed immunosensor was label-free, highly sensitive and convenient to use in food samples. • The fabricated immunosensor showed low limit of detection (0.028 μg mL −1 ), wide linear detection range (0.0325–64 μg mL −1 ) having high sensitivity of [41.81 μA (log μg mL −1 ) -1 ]. Here, we aimed to fabricate a label-free immunosensing platform for the first time based on molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (nMoS 2 NPs) deposited on ITO) coated glass substrate for the electrochemical detection of ampicillin (AMP). The stable and high surface area of nMoS 2 NPs were made by a low-temperature one-step hydrothermal route, bestowing the carrying capacity of anti-AMP (antibody against AMP) through an amide linkage. The spectroscopic, morphological, and structural characterization of the proposed electrodes were performed using various analytical and electrochemical techniques. The differential pulse voltammetry technique was utilized to evaluate anti-AMP and AMP interaction on the electrode surface. The developed immunosensor exhibits high sensitivity, a broad detection range having a significant detection limit towards detection of AMP having excellent selectivity, acceptable stability, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed immunosensor was tested in spiked milk, water, and orange juice, and the results confirmed the consistency of the immunosensor.