Objective The fingerprint of volatile components from three breeds of Radix Curcumae was compared to supply evidence for the standard of quality control of Radix Curcumae.Methods Gas chromatography was used to establish fingerprint of Radix Curcumae and GC-MS chromatography was applied to identify its characteristic peaks. The similarity of fingerprint was evaluated by computing method.Results The fingerprint had its similarity and characteristics in different breeds of Radix Curcumae. The fingerprint detection is a good method for identifying Radix Curcumae,RSD 2.53 %.Conclusion This method is simple and effective for identifying different breeds of Radix Curcumae and can be used to control the quality of medicinal material of Radix Curcumae.