Quasi-Developed Turbulent Pipe Flow With Heat Transfer

Available literature on wall friction and heat transfer for gas flow strongly heated in the downstream region of tubes shows disagreement between analysis and experiments. Possible explanations are examined quantitatively, then the governing equations are treated in more complete form than in previous analyses. Results compare favorably with existing experiments for nonreacting, high-Reynolds-number, turbulent flow of a gas with negligible natural convection and with a constant wall heat flux imposed.