What happens to the macro-economy is very important — not only for the level and growth of output and for employment but also for the evolution of horizontal inequalities (HIs). In many contexts it is the macro-policies and macro-consequences of these policies that determine opportunities across regions and sectors, and this in turn is the major determinant of HIs. Specific policies may be introduced at meso-level and micro-level to correct HIs, but, generally speaking, it is macro-developments that are most important; they can easily offset the effects of any specific policies. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.