Modelling the concentration dependence of doping in optical materials

As well as understanding the location of dopants in optical materials, it is also important to understand how much dopant can be added to a given material. A method for calculating the maximum concentration of dopants has been developed, and applied to dopants in mixed metal fluorides for optical and nuclear clock applications. Applications to rare earth doping in YLiF4, and Th doping in LiCaAlF6/LiSrAlF6 are described, and compared with available experimental data.