Astaxanthin has a strong antioxidant effect, and Haematococcus pluvialis is considered to have the strongest ability to accumulate natural astaxanthin in nature. However, Haematococcus pluvialis is difficult to cultivate and has a long growth cycle. There are many factors affecting its growth. At the same time, there is a nonlinear relationship between the growth environment parameters and their growth conditions. Just as BP neural network model can fully approximate complex nonlinear relations by using the basic idea of gradient descent method. Therefore, based on the main environmental factors affecting the culture of Haematococcus pluvialis, a BP neural network model was established. The experimental observation and verification of the growth state of Haematococcus pluvialis showed that it can quickly obtain important reference data to realize the prediction of the growth status of Haematococcus pluvialis. It also provides an objective measure for designing and evaluating products for research and management personnel.