The theoretical basis of biogeochemical research of agrosphere was summarized. The practical directions of agro-ecological analysis of agricultural land which associated with the theory and methodology of biogeochemistry were considered. The concept of biogeochemical research agrosphere under formation biocentered agriculture has been described. The basic directions of biogeochemical studies of agricultural land were defined. These are the application of common methods of biogeochemical analysis of agricultural land use, study of biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements and their natural differentiation and agrogenic components. The basic methodological principles of biogeochemistry have been formulated, which is ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of research results dissemination of chemical elements in soils and the living matter of agricultural products, as well as their impact on health