A comprehensive review of psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disorder characterized by erythema, redness, thickening, and scaling of the skin. Psoriasis is caused by the accelerated keratinocyte cell proliferation and dysregulation of the immune system. The cause of psoriasis is unknown, but it can be a genetic component. Several factors are thought to aggravate psoriasis. These include stress, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking. The concept of the pathogenesis of psoriasis is based on the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, recent studies have proved that the dysregulation of the immune system plays a critical role in the development of psoriasis. Immune cells release T cells, keratinocytes, neutrophils, and the cytokines, have a specific interaction with each other that is the core mechanism of the development of psoriasis. Trigger factors of psoriasis is also genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. The prevalence of psoriasis is estimated to range from 0.91% to 8.5% worldwide in adults. Clinically, psoriasis vulgaris is the most common subtype of psoriasis and affects approximately 90% of patients.