Biocompatible Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Microelectronics: Design, Performance, and Real-Time Applications

. The cycle test over 3400 cycles confirms the C-TENG's stability. Furthermore, its capability to charge capacitors with different capacitances highlights its potential as a biomechanical energy harvester. The prototype device for evaluating the real-time applications demonstrated the C-TENG's, ability to illuminate LEDs, power a calculator, capture kinetic energy during walking, and transducer as an electronic switch. This investigation pioneered the exploration of chia seeds in TENGs, presenting a sustainable and efficient solution for self-powered microelectronic devices. The electron affinity of materials has been analyzed through inter- and intramolecular charge distribution using density functional theory. The direction of charge transfer was estimated through frontier molecular orbital analysis supported by the experimental findings of triboelectrification via contact separation from the molecule to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).