Current Challenges for the Diagnosis of HFpEF and Possible Simplification of the Diagnostic Approach

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent and multifaceted clinical syndrome, often underdiagnosed because of its heterogeneous presentation and overlapping comorbidities. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in reducing heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we analyze the main challenges of HFpEF diagnosis and discuss current diagnostic algorithms. Based on recent evidence and recommendations, we propose a possible way to simplify and accelerate the diagnostic process of HFpEF, to support an early initiation of disease-modifying therapies. An interactive web-based version of the proposed algorithm is available at www.hfpefdiagnosis.com for research or exploratory purposes.