Surgical versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Cervical Radiculopathy

Cervical radiculopathy is typically caused by disc herniation or spondylosis. Few trials have compared the efficacy of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for these conditions. We conducted two randomized clinical trials among 180 patients presenting to the Oslo University Hospital in Norway with disabling radicular arm pain and cervical disc herniation (trial 1; n=89) or spondylosis (trial 2; n=91) proven by magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Surgery involved anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Nonsurgical treatment involved three sessions with physical medicine/rehabilitation physicians and three sessions with physiotherapists for functional and cognitive behavioral support. The primary outcome in both trials was the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score (range, 0 to 100; higher scores indicate greater disability; minimal important difference is 15) at 12 months, which was self-reported by the patients. Among the 87 patients in the disc herniation trial with 12-month data (surgical group, n=45; nonsurgical group, n=42), the mean difference in NDI adjusted for baseline was 7.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 13.3; P=0.01) in favor of surgical treatment. Among the 88 patients in the spondylosis trial with 12-month data (surgical, n=44; nonsurgical, n=44), the mean difference in NDI adjusted for baseline was 2.3 (95% CI, -4.9 to 9.6; P=0.52). In the disc herniation trial, two patients in the nonsurgical group crossed over to have surgery. In the spondylosis trial, 11 patients in the nonsurgical group crossed over to have surgery. There were no serious adverse events. In patients with cervical radiculopathy, we found a statistically significant difference for NDI at 12 months in favor of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment in the disc herniation trial, but no difference in the spondylosis trial. (Funded by the Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; HSØ#2017057; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03674619.).