Influence of Age, Obesity, Smoking, Sleep duration, and Sleep Quality on Concentration, Morphology, and Sperm Motility: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The findings of this study indicate that obesity, moderate or heavy smoking, and sleep quality have statistically significant effects on sperm concentration, while obesity, moderate or heavy smoking, and sleep duration have statistically significant effects on sperm motility. However, no statistically significant influence was observed on sperm morphology. Further research with larger sample sizes and more diverse populations is needed to validate these findings and explore other potential factors that may impact male fertility.