固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用分析蛇莓、贝母和卵巢癌的挥发性组分

The newly developed solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free and environmentally sound technique, compared with the conventional extraction methods such as soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation etc. Besides, SPME only needs one step to accomplish extraction and pre-concentration of analytes from sample matrix, which could simplify experimental procedure and avoid sample contamination. Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) is an effective method in analysing the volatile components of various samples. Belonging to the family Rosaceae, Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke is a kind of perennial herb which possesses many bioactivities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to inhibit central nervous system. The whole plant of D. indica has been used as a folk medicine in treating fever, eczema, herpes zoster and traumatic injuries, etc. Recently, the chemical composition of D. indica has aroused researcher’s concern due to its excellent antitumor activity. Various active constituents, mainly terpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids have been isolated from D. indica in recent years. Compared to the studies on soluble constitutions, the volatile components of D. indica have received little attention. Only several volatile components have been reported from an analysis on a steam distillation (SD) extraction of D. indica using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. But the curative effect of D. indica may also be related to its volatile components. In this study, the volatile components of D. indica were studied by soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasonic extraction (UAE), steam distillation and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). 66 compounds were identified totally, among which 47 compounds were first reported. Identification of these compounds should provide more information and expand the application of D. indica. Fritillaria is one of the largest genera in the plant family of Liliaceae. The bulbs of many Fritillaria species growing in China have been used as expectorant, anti-asthmatic and antitussive herbs with the Chinese name “Beimu” for more than 2000 years. Officially, herbal Beimu is the bulbs of 6 Fritillaria species documented in China Pharmacopoeia including Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus (Chuan-Beimu, CB), Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus (Zhe-Beimu, ZB), Fritillariae ussuriensis bulbus (Ping-Beimu, PB), Fritillariae pallidiflorae bulbus (Yi-Beimu, YB) and Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus (Hubei-Beimu, HB). Among them, CB possesses characteristics of better therapy effects and lower production than others. Consequently, the value of CB is much higher than the other species, resulting in abundant adulterations with other species of the Fritillaria genus on the commercial markets. It is obviously that different species of fritillaria are cultivated from different geographical origins, and we speculate that the growing environment may also cause a significant difference in the volatile components of fritillaria. In chapter 3, the volatile components of four kinds of fritillaria were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (SPME/GC-MS). The conditions for solid-phase microextraction were optimized by an orthogonal experimental design. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to evaluate the GC-MS profiling of the different fritillaria species. The experimental results demonstrated that the same kinds of fritillaria has more similarity in the volatile components and SPME/ GC-MS can be considered as a distinguish method of different species of the fritillaria. Ovarian tumors can be divided into two categories, malignant tumor and the benign tumor. Mature teratoma of ovary is a typical benign tumor, which can be treated with surgery and achieve a quite high cure rate. Ovarian cancer is a kind of malignant tumor. Worldwide, about 125000 women succ