Impact of saline irrigation on haemolysis, silent cerebral lesion incidence, thermal dynamics, and bubble formation in pulsed field ablation with a variable-loop circular catheter

Proper saline irrigation during PFA with VLCC may mitigate electrode-associated haemolysis, reduce electrode and tissue temperature, limit bubble aggregation, and be associated with a lower incidence of silent cerebral lesions, the clinical significance of which remains unclear.