Associations of biochemical and metabolic markers with pregnancy outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study in eastern China

Distinct biochemical profiles were observed between GDM and NGDM pregnancies. Albumin and creatinine may serve as simple, cost-effective indicators of reduced obstetric risk among normoglycaemic women. Incorporating these routinely measured markers into prenatal screening could improve individualized risk prediction and early intervention strategies..