Research progress on the regulation of grape quality by calcium fertilizer

Calcium is an essential element for the growth and devel­opment of grapes and ultimately affect the taste and aroma of the wine. It not only promotes the growth of roots and leaves but also influences fruit quality through its roles in sug­ar transport, secondary metabolism, antioxidant activity, cell wall structure, and defense mechanisms against pathogens. At the molecular level, the pathways through which calcium regulates grape quality are complex and involve numerous secondary metabolites and genes. This paper reviews the physiological functions and mechanisms by which calcium improves grape growth, enhances fruit quality, and promotes yield. Meanwhile, it summarizes recent insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of calcium in fruit quality formation, facilitating a deeper understanding of the calci­um-mediated metabolic network underlying grape quality and offering theoretical support for the scientific and efficient management of grape production.