Brazilin induces T24 cell death through c‐Fos and GADD45β independently regulated genes and pathways

Abstract Purified Brazilin from Sappan wood extract has been reported with significant antitumor effect, especially on human T24 cells and bladder cancer mouse models. Brazilin can significantly induce expression of c‐Fos and GADD45β and transfection expression of c‐Fos and GADD45β in T24 cells can induce significant cell morphology changes, reduced viability and cell death, while transfection of siRNA‐c‐Fos and siRNA‐GADD45β can reverse the induced cell death. Co‐transfection of both c‐Fos and GADD45β into T24 cells resulted in a significantly additive effect when compared to single transfection with only c‐Fos or GADD45β. Meanwhile, transfection of interfering siRNA‐c‐Fos or siRNA‐GADD45β can partially rescue the cell viability and siRNA co‐transfection showed increased rescue rate. The transfection expression and interference with pcDNA3.1‐c‐Fos/siRNA‐c‐Fos or pcDNA3.1‐GADD45β/siRNA‐GADD45β did not affect each other's expression. Moreover, analysis of c‐Fos and GADD45β regulated genes and signal pathways showed that no common regulated genes or pathways were present. All the results indicated that c‐Fos and GADD45β mediate independent Brazilin‐inducible genes and pathways. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1101–1110, 2018