Applications of flywheel energy storage system on load frequency regulation combined with various power generations: A review

With large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid, maintaining its stability and security of it has become a formidable challenge while the conventional frequency regulation methods are inadequate to meet the power balance demand. Energy storage systems have emerged as an ideal solution to mitigate frequent frequency fluctuations caused by the substantial integration of RES. Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) are considered environmentally friendly short-term energy storage solutions due to their capacity for rapid and efficient energy storage and release, high power density, and long-term lifespan. These attributes make FESS suitable for integration into power systems in a wide range of applications. A comprehensive review of FESS on the generation side of the power systems, coal-fired thermal power units, wind turbine power plants, photovoltaic panels, and integrated energy systems have been presented. Furthermore, flywheel energy storage system array and hybrid energy storage systems are explored, encompassing control strategies, optimal configuration, and electric trading market in practice. These researches guide the developments of FESS applications in power systems and provide valuable insights for practical measurements ,shaping the future prospects of this technology.