Microstructure Tailoring for High Strength Ti-6Al-4V without Alloying Elements through Optimized Preheating and Post-Heating Laser Scanning in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Ti-6Al-4V with its eclectic array of excellent properties along with the combination of meticulous precision and flexibility offered by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology makes it a strong proponent in the field of engineering applications. As a substantial amount of research has paved the way to fabricate Ti-6AL-4V more effectively and efficiently, researchers are becoming more adventurous in finding out the optimal techniques to get better yields in terms of mechanical responses. This includes post-processing techniques i.e., heat treatment (HT) or introducing various alloying elements. Nevertheless, these techniques not only make the overall fabrication more expensive and time-consuming but also contradict the simplistic notion of additive manufacturing (AM) by imparting multistage fabrication without a considerable improvement overall. Here, we propose an innovative breakthrough in the field of Ti-6AL-4V fabrication with LPBF by introducing an in-situ approach to tackle the handicap mentioned in contemporary studies. By imparting multiple laser scans prior to and after the melting scan at each layer, a remarkable 37% improvement in yield strength (YS) can be achieved with higher elongation, while also maintaining a high relative density of around 99.99%.