Exploring the collaborative innovation operational model of government-industry-education synergy: a case study of BYD in China

This paper investigates the collaborative innovation model employed by BYD Company, which integrates government, industry, and academia. Through a single-case analysis, it evaluates BYD's current innovation landscape and compares the dynamics of its cooperative efforts to elucidate its operational model. Key issues identified within BYD's ecosystem include a reliance on government subsidies, dispersion in industrial layout, and challenges in collaboration between enterprises and industries as well as university partnerships. The study attributes these issues to flaws in subsidy methods, problems with interest integration, and the weak market orientation of research outcomes. To address these challenges, the paper suggests that BYD should refine its subsidy mechanisms, concentrate on pivotal R&D areas, establish innovation alliances, and enhance its patent succession strategies.