High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries Based on Multidimensional V2O3 Nanosheets@Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns@Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite and Optimized Electrolyte

The drawbacks of poor electronic conductivity and structural instability during the cycling process limit the electrochemical property of vanadium-based cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. In addition, continuous growth and accumulation of zinc dendrites can puncture the separator and cause an internal short circuit in the battery. In this work, a unique multidimensional nanocomposite is designed by a facile freeze-drying method with subsequent calcination, consisting of V₂O₃ nanosheets and single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) crosslinked together and wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The multidimensional structure can largely enhance the structural stability and electronic conductivity of the electrode material. Besides, additive Na₂SO₄ in the ZnSO₄ aqueous electrolyte not only prevents the dissolution of cathode materials but also suppresses the Zn dendrite growth. After considering the influence of additive concentration on ionic conductivity and electrostatic force for electrolyte, V₂O₃@SWCNHs@rGO electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 422 mAh g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1 and a high discharge capacity of 283 mAh g^-1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^-1 in 2 m ZnSO₄ + 2 m Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. Experimental techniques reveal that the electrochemical reaction mechanism can be expressed as the reversible phase transformation between V₂O₅ and V₂O₃ with Zn₃(VO₄)₂.