An overview on polymorphs of calcium carbonate formed during carbon mineralization of cementitious materials

Carbon mineralization presents a promising pathway for reducing the carbon footprint within the cement industry. However, the performance of carbonated cementitious materials is closely tied to the polymorphs of calcium carbonate. This paper examines the factors and strategies governing the formation of calcium carbonate polymorphs in carbonated cementitious materials, including carbonation conditions, additives and physical treatments. Temperature emerges as a critical factor among carbonation conditions, favoring the formation of vaterite at 30 ∼ 40 °C and aragonite above 60 °C. Chemical additives can effectively regulate polymorph formation through multiple mechanisms, such as embedding in the crystals and adsorbing on the surface of calcium carbonate. Additionally, ultrasound enhances vaterite formation, while under high power, it promotes aragonite formation. Magnetic field treatment can enhance aragonite precipitation, with its content increasing with field strength. This review aims to advance research on polymorph regulation, improving performance and broadening applications of carbonated cementitious materials.