Enhancing Care in Type 1 Diabetes with Artificial Intelligence Driven Clinical Decision Support Systems

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition that requires significant daily self-management and long-term clinical care, involving insulin therapy, glucose monitoring, dietary control and education. The majority of tasks associated with diabetes care are becoming amenable to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) driven clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSS). By integrating data from multiple sources, including smartphone apps, smart watches, activity trackers, continuous glucose monitors (CGM), insulin pumps and smartpens, AI-CDSS can support people with T1D to make daily self-management of T1D more personalized, more predictive and more proactive. For healthcare professionals (HCPs), AI-CDSS are already changing approaches to risk prediction, detection and assessment of presymptomatic T1D. When necessary, AI-CDSS can help HCPs to prioritize necessary clinical management approaches for people with T1D, as well as streamlining service delivery and allocating resources more effectively. Summary: AI technologies are anticipated to provide valuable support for people with T1D in their daily life with diabetes. Equally, AI-CDSS can have high value for HCPs and healthcare services in the screening, monitoring and management of T1D. However, these benefits will require that AI-driven tools become part of routine clinical care for people with T1D and their HCPs, including validation in clinical studies and regulatory pathways. Just as important is the need for training and education in the application of AI-CDSS to achieve the outcomes that match the significant potential of these technologies. Key Messages: AI technologies have the capability to provide data-driven, personalized treatment recommendations for people with T1D. AI-CDSS can assist HCPs by analyzing patient data to offer insights and recommendations for treatment adjustment in T1D, on an individual basis. To realize the promise of AI-CDSS in T1D, significant challenges exist for the trust and adoption of these AI-driven tools, as well as ensuring equity of access and application, clinical efficacy and regulatory compliance.