Recent Advancements in the Treatment of Age‐Related Macular Degeneration

ABSTRACT Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent cause of visual impairment and blindness among the elderly. AMD can be categorized into two subtypes: “wet” and “dry.” Current treatments for wet AMD mainly involve anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, and there are three U.S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatments for dry AMD. However, these therapies come with certain limitations: Anti‐VEGF therapy necessitates multiple intravitreal injections; some patients may exhibit inadequate responses or encounter complications such as progressive fibrosis. Furthermore, the current treatments for dry AMD have yet to demonstrate sufficient efficacy. Numerous innovative drugs are presently under development to address these challenges. By conducting an extensive review of relevant literature and reports both domestically and internationally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the classification, pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment strategies related to AMD. In this review, we systematically summarize the treatment approaches for various types of AMD, including the most recently approved drugs and therapeutic strategies, and provide a detailed overview of the advancements in ongoing clinical trials.