Progress and Perspectives of Flow Batteries: Material Design and Engineering

Developing renewable energy and achieving decarbonization of energy systems is an inevitable trend. Flow batteries (FBs) have great potential in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their unique features of decoupled energy and power rating, scalability, and long lifetime. In this chapter, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the key components of FBs, including electrolytes (from classic inorganic to organic active materials), membranes, electrodes, and bipolar plates. Some novel FB technologies and industrial applications are also presented. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives on the exploration of high-performance FBs are also highlighted.