Longer-acting preexposure prophylaxis product and delivery preferences among U.S. populations disproportionately affected by HIV: a discrete choice experiment

Objective: Longer-acting preexposure prophylaxis (LA-PrEP) products have potential to increase PrEP uptake and continuation. This study sought to elicit preferences for LA-PrEP product and delivery program characteristics among populations disproportionately impacted by HIV to identify factors important to adoption and anticipate potential use challenges. Design: Cross-sectional, online discrete choice experiment Methods: We recruited 940 men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and Black heterosexual men and women (BHMW) with PrEP indications. In a series of 10 tasks, participants chose between two hypothetical LA-PrEP options composed of 5 attributes (product type, side effects, clinic type, appointment duration, cost), or neither (their current HIV prevention method). Analysis used random-parameters logit models. Results: Respondents chose an LA-PrEP method over their current HIV prevention option in 96.8% of tasks. Cost was the most important determinant of LA-PrEP choice for all populations (relative importance [RI] of 10]. Side effects and product type were 1/3 to 1/2 as important as cost (RI 3.5–5.1). MSM and PWID most preferred the 12-month implant followed by semiannual dual injections and least preferred the monthly oral pill and 2-month single injection. BHMW most preferred the monthly pill and semiannual injections and least preferred the 12-month implant and 2-month injection. Clinic type and appointment duration had minimal influence (RI 0.1–2.1). Conclusions: Results suggest high demand for LA-PrEP among populations with disproportionately high HIV incidence. To facilitate use, programs should offer a range of LA-PrEP products, minimize out-of-pocket costs, and counsel on side effects.