Irisin Is a Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target Against Kidney Diseases

Kidney diseases, characterized by renal dysfunction, are the leading causes of death worldwide. It is crucial to prevent and treat kidney diseases to reduce their associated morbidity and mortality. Moderate physical exercise has been recognized to be advantageous for kidney health. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that was identified in 2012. It plays an important role in energy and bone metabolism, oxidative stress reduction, anti-inflammatory processes, cell death inhibition, and cardiovascular protection. However, the relationship between irisin and kidney diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review explores the role of irisin as a biomarker for kidney disease diagnosis and its associated complications, as well as the mechanisms through which it participates in various cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, irisin secretion levels were discussed to provide a basis for kidney disease prevention and treatment avenues, as well as therapeutic guidance for developing new and promising intervention strategies. Clinical Trial Registration: None.