RNA Structure: Function and Application in Plant Biology

RNA orchestrates intricate structures that influence gene expression and protein production in all living organisms, with implications for fundamental biology, medicine, and agriculture. Although extensive research has been conducted on RNA biology, many regulatory mechanisms remain elusive due to the complex and dynamic nature of RNA structures and past technological limitations. Recent advancements in RNA structure technology have revolutionized plant RNA biology research. Here, we review cutting-edge technologies for studying RNA structures in plants and their functional significance in diverse biological processes. Additionally, we highlight the pivotal role of RNA structure in influencing plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. We also discuss the potential evolutionary significance of RNA structure in natural adaptation and crop domestication. Finally, we propose leveraging RNA structure–mediated gene regulation as an innovative strategy to bolster plant resilience against climate change.