Antibiotic-associated dysbiosis: modern strategy for microbiota restoration. A review

Antibiotic-associated dysbiosis is a disorder of the intestinal microbiota caused by antibiotics, which can contribute to the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and other complications. Disorder of a previously stable, functionally complete microbiota can lead to adverse health effects in both the short and long term, with a potential increase in the risk of various non-communicable diseases, as well as neurological, behavioral, and psychological disorders. Current microbiota recovery strategies include specific probiotics such as Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical studies confirm the strain-specific efficacy of these probiotics in the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults and also demonstrate that timely administration of an adequate dose of a probiotic (from day 1 of antibiotic therapy) can help prevent or eliminate the consequences of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and contribute to the preservation of the resilience of the intestinal microbiota, returning it to the state preceding the use of antibiotics.