Fundamentals of a bond length based crystal chemistry which emerges from the bond valence method and goes beyond the concept of ionic radii are discussed. In many cases, atomic distances can serve as a measure of chemical bonding. Unobserved interatomic distances and ionic radii can be predicted from bond-length - bond-strength relationships. Electrical conductivity appears to be connected with peculiarities of bond-lengths. The oxidizing power of oxides and oxo-complexes seems to be correlated with oxygen bond-lengths. Secondary bonds and intermolecular interactions appear as weak chemical bonds