Pollution to solution: Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and its utilization as a renewable energy source for a sustainable future

The major contributor to global warming is human-generated greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions that pollute the air. GHGs emissions are a global issue dominated by emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Notably, CO2 accounts for an estimated 77% of GHGs and thus has a huge impact on the environment. The capture, sequestration, and utilization of CO2 emissions from flue gas are now becoming familiar worldwide. These methods are a promising solution to promote sustainability for the benefit of future generations. Previously, many researchers have focused on capturing and storing CO2; however, less effort has been spent on finding ways to utilize flue gas emissions. Moreover, several issues must be overcome in the field of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology, especially regarding the cost, capacity of storage and the durability of the storage reservoir. In addition, this paper addresses new technology in carbon capture and sequestration. To make CCS technology more feasible, this paper suggests a sustainable method combining CCS and biofuel production using CO2 as a feedstock. This method offers many advantages, such as CO2 emission mitigation and energy security through the production of renewable energy. Due to the many advantages of biofuels, the conversion of CO2 into biofuel is a best practice and may provide a solution to pollution while encouraging sustainability practises.