Facile extraction and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables via magnetic functionalized covalent organic framework nanocomposites

Abstract Facile enrichment and determination of trace organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in foods has been a constantly pursuing goal in food safety field. Herein, Zr4+-immobilized covalent organic frameworks (Fe3O4@COF@Zr4+) have been first constructed and utilized as the powerful adsorbents for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of OPPs. Owing to the π-π stacking interaction, hydrogen bonding and Zr4+-phosphate coordination reaction, the composites exhibited excellent selectivity and superior affinity to OPPs. Under optimized conditions, the proposed MSPE method coupled with GC-FPD showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9990) and yielded low limits of detection (0.7–3.0 μg kg−1) for OPPs. Moreover, the developed method was successfully employed for the quantitation of OPPs in spiked vegetable samples and obtained satisfactory recoveries in the range of 87–121% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 8.9%. These results demonstrated that the prepared nanoparticles hold unique advantages for trace OPPs analysis in foodstuffs.