Study on air pollen, surface pollen and fluvial pollen in southern part of the Yanshan Mountains indicates that pollen abundance in air changes with seasons in plants flowering times, while pollen deposition in surface soil varies in several years, and pollen in fluvial sediments are different from air pollen and surface pollen which are mixed with surface pollen from upper river reaches and less well-related with growing plants around the sampling site. Reconstructing the ancient vegetation based on fluvial pollen records can reveal the general features of the plants, but are different from the local trees in the sampling site.