Osteoimmunology and aging: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic perspectives

Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary study of the interaction between the immune system and the skeletal system, aiming to reveal the immune regulation mechanisms that affect bone health and disease. Aging is a macro concept, which is not limited to the senescence of cells, but also includes the aging of the body as a whole. Studies have shown that aging can affect osteoimmune function through various mechanisms such as affecting the bone marrow microenvironment, causing immune cell dysfunction, triggering inflammatory responses, and destroying bone homeostasis, leading to the occurrence of bone diseases. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive introduction to the related cells and mechanisms of osteoimmunology, elaborating in detail the characteristics of senescence of immune cells and bone cells, the mutual influences between bone cells and immune cells and the impact of aging on osteoimmune function. On this basis, we propose new insights on the mechanisms of aging and osteoimmune pathogenesis in Acute myeloid leukemia, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Periodontitis, and propose anti-aging strategies for the treatment of osteoimmune-related diseases, which provides a new idea for the treatment of osteoimmune-related diseases.