L-band of ∼ 1.6 μm tunable multi-wavelength mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser with an MMF- FMF based structure

1.6 μm tunable mode-locked fiber laser are mainly used in the biomedical field, laser processing, and other aspects, have excellent application prospects. We propose a novel MMF-FMF-based device, which acts both as a saturable absorber and a wavelength selection filter. The reduction of insertion loss caused by FMF affects the laser gain competition process, leading to changes in gain allocation and bandwidth allocation. The laser generated stable mode-locked pulses with a repetition frequency of 23.23 MHz at pump powers exceeding 51 mW. By adjusting the angle of the fiber optic squeezer with the PC, successfully achieved switchable single-, dual-, and triple-wavelength lasing outputs, as well as tunable single- and dual-wavelength lasing outputs. The wavelength-tuning ranges for the single- and dual-wavelength lasing outputs were 31 nm (1570 nm-1601 nm) and 24 nm, respectively. The accurately adjustable L-band novel mode-locked fiber laser exhibits enormous potential for application.