Optimization of process parameters for bevacizumab-loaded nanodispersion for lung cancer treatment

Lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal types of cancer worldwide, needing novel therapeutic approaches to enhance patient outcomes. Nanotechnology has emerged as a viable approach to cancer treatment, providing precise drug administration and increased therapeutic efficacy. In this research, we have developed pH-responsive nanodispersion for targeted drug delivery to non-small cell lung cancer. Bevacizumab and calcium phosphate nanoparticle-loaded nanodispersion (BZ-CaP-NDs) were synthesized using a high-pressure homogenization technique. BZ-CaP-NDs are optimized by means of particle size and encapsulation efficiency, and further subjected to the analysis of zeta potential, FTIR, molecular docking, in-vitro release, hemolytic potential assay, and erythrocyte aggregation assay. The analysis for particle size and zeta potential of the optimized BZ-CaP-NDs was found to be 182 ± 1.1 nm and −25.6 mV (Trial 4), respectively. In-vitro drug release showed the efficiency of BZ-CaP-NDs to release BZ at acidic conditions (85.65 ± 1.2%, 72.11 ± 0.98% was released in pH 6.5 and pH 7.4 at 48 h, respectively). Molecular docking studies resulted efficient binding of bevacizumab to VEGF-A protein. The results of the erythrocyte aggregation and hemolytic potential assays indicated that BZ-CaP-NDs were not hazardous, which indicates that, using them for intravenous drug delivery is safe. Thus, the developed BZ-CaP-NDs would be a promising solution for non-small cell lung cancer treatment.