Interface chemistry in solid-state batteries: Advances, challenges, and future prospects

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) depend much on their interface chemistry in terms of efficiency, stability, and performance. Overcoming major obstacles in SSB technology realize on knowledge and optimization of interfacial interactions with the introduction of new solid-state electrolytes and high-energy-density electrodes. Emphasizing the dynamics of solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces, this review article systematically highlights the fundamental concepts of interface chemistry in SSBs. Recent developments in new materials including solid electrolytes, electrode materials, and interface engineering approaches targeted at decreasing impedance, boosting ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability of interfaces. Further, this review also discusses important problems such as interfacial resistance, dendritic development, and material degradation at interfaces. From surface science to in-situ imaging technologies, the review also explores innovative approaches for evaluating interfacial features. Finally, this review highlights the future directions of interface chemistry in SSBs, stressing creative solutions for overcoming present constraints and allowing the next generation of safe, durable, and high-performance SSBs. The concerned scientific community, striving to develop SSB technology by means of a better knowledge of interface chemistry, finds direction in this review.