Patients with status epilepticus and new‐onset refractory status epilepticus display drastically altered fecal microbiomes compared to chronic epilepsy patients

NORSE and SE patients present with a more variable and dramatically different fecal microbiome than chronic epilepsy patients, which may indicate gut dysbiosis that may be reciprocally linked to inflammatory responses. Although NORSE and SE patients had similar microbiome structures, fungal and bacterial correlates with inflammatory cytokines differed between NORSE and SE, with confounding factors influencing microbiome structure. Our data suggest a microbiome-specific response to NORSE and SE, with implications for future treatment strategies.