Deferoxamine-Loaded Injectable Chitosan-Grafted Chlorogenic Acid/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Hybrid Hydrogel with Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, and Angiogenesis-Promoting Properties for Diabetic Wound Repair

Diabetic chronic wounds are notoriously difficult to heal as a result of their susceptibility to infection. To address this issue, we constructed an innovated and adaptable solution in the form of injectable chitosan (CS) hydrogel, denoted as CCOD, with enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This hydrogel is created through a Schiff base reaction that combines chitosan-grafted chlorogenic acid (CS-CGA) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) with deferoxamine (DFO) as a model drug. The combination of CS and CGA has demonstrated excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, while grafting played a pivotal role in making these positive effects stable. These unique features make it possible to customize injectable hydrogel and fit any wound shape, allowing for more effective and personalized treatment of complex bacterial infections. Furthermore, the hydrogel system is not only effective against inflammation and bacterial infections but also possesses antioxidant and angiogenic abilities, making it an ideal solution for the repair of chronic wounds that have been previously thought of as unmanageable.