Aminated metal‐organic framework (NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr)) incorporated polyvinylidene (PVDF) hybrid membranes: Synthesis and application in efficient removal of Congo red from aqueous solution

The efficient treatment of wastewater containing organic dyes generated in diverse industrial processes has become more crucial owing to increasing environmental concerns. In this paper, we incorporated the aminated functional NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) into the porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to fabricate the MOFs/polymer hybrid membranes, which combined the surface activity of MOFs and the membrane's filtration plus the adsorption process, and can be used in the high‐efficient removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Two synthesis strategies were employed, and both of which are useful in fabricating the NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr)@PVDF hybrid membranes. The NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) particles are mainly incorporated into the pores of PVDF, and thus enhance the hydrophilicity, water flux as well as porosity of the hybrid membranes. In the adsorption experiments, the influences of various conditions including the solution pH, adsorption time, adsorption isotherms, reusability, and the filtration performances were investigated systematically, and all the hybrid membranes show evidently improved adsorption performances compared to original PVDF films. The adsorption thermal and dynamics analyses indicate that the adsorption process is mainly featured in Langmuir monolayer adsorption and chemical adsorption. The hydrogen bonding at the interface of CR/NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) is responsible for the selective adsorption of CR. The excellent reusability and the dynamic adsorption performances determine the potential applications of MOF‐based hybrid membranes in the membrane separation of CR from practical waste water.