酮体
酮发生
酮症
饥饿反应
脂解
内分泌学
脂质代谢
内科学
化学
生酮饮食
β氧化
生物化学
脂肪组织
新陈代谢
生物
医学
糖尿病
饥饿
神经科学
癫痫
作者
Toshiyuki Fukao,Gary D. Lopaschuk,Grant A. Mitchell
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.plefa.2003.11.001
摘要
Ketone bodies become major body fuels during fasting and consumption of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet. Hyperketonemia is associated with potential health benefits. Ketone body synthesis (ketogenesis) is the last recognizable step of lipid energy metabolism, a pathway that links dietary lipids and adipose triglycerides to the Krebs cycle and respiratory chain and has three highly regulated control points: (1) adipocyte lipolysis, (2) mitochondrial fatty acids entry, controlled by the inhibition of carnitine palmityl transferase I by malonyl coenzyme A (CoA) and (3) mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase, which catalyzes the irreversible first step of ketone body synthesis. Each step is suppressed by an elevated circulating insulin level or insulin/glucagon ratio. The utilization of ketone bodies (ketolysis) also determines circulating ketone body levels. Consideration of ketone body metabolism reveals the mechanisms underlying the extreme fragility of dietary ketosis to carbohydrate intake and highlights areas for further study.
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