Cytokine Profiles in Clinical Subtypes of Ophthalmic Graves’ Disease

Purpose: To examine the association of cytokines in the two clinical subtypes of ophthalmic Graves' disease by comparing cytokine expression in the fat and ethmoid tissue of type I and type II patients.Methods: Patients needing orbital decompression or eyelid surgery were identified and enrolled into a prospective study. Patients were assigned to the type I or type II subclassification, based on the presence of diplopia. Orbital fat, sinus tissue or muscle removed during surgery was evaluated. The mRNA expression profiles of Th1 cytokines (TNF-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10) were analyzed using real time PCR.Results: 30 patients were enrolled in the study: 5 type I (80% female), 14 type II (71% female) and 11 controls (73% female). There were 14 decompressions (3 type I and 11 type II), 17 lid procedures (2 type I, 4 type II and 11 controls) and 10 ethmoidectomies (3 type I and 7 type II). The average ages were 45, 56 and 66 in the type I, type II and control groups, respectively. There was more TNF-alpha (p value 0.009) and IL-6 (p value 0.04) in ethmoid sinus cells of type II patients compared to ethmoid sinus cells of type I patients and a trend of higher expression of all cytokines in type II patients.Conclusions: There is a trend towards greater mRNA expression of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in both orbital fat and ethmoidal sinus tissue of type II patients compared to type I patients.