A donor—crown—acceptor triad: the effect of cations included into the triad on the photo-induced electron-transfer rate

A donor—crown—acceptor triad, consisting of 1,7,10,16-tetraoxa-4,13-diazacyclooctadecane as a spacer, is designed as a new approach to the elucidation of the electronic effect of a spacer on intramolecular electron transfer between bridgehead chromophores.