NF-κB elements contribute tojunBinducibility by lipopolysaccharide in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7

Macrophages respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by activating latent cis ‐acting factors that initiate transcription of immediate early genes. One such immediate early gene, junB , is induced by LPS in macrophages within 30 min. To identify elements that mediate the induction of junB by LPS, upstream and downstream sequences flanking the junB gene were examined by transient expression in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line using a luciferase reporter gene vector containing the junB minimal promoter. A >10‐fold enhancement was associated with a 222 bp region downstream of the junB promoter in response to LPS. Transient reporter assays demonstrated that multiple nuclear factor (NF) κB sites are required for inducibility of junB by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed binding of LPS‐induced nuclear proteins included p50/p65 heterodimers at these NF‐κB sites.