Robot application and firm’s ESG: energy rebound effect pose challenges to ESG governance

This article examines the impact of industrial robot application on ESG performance among Chinese A-share listed firms. Although it is commonly believed that robots enhance production efficiency and technological innovation, this study shows robot application reduces firm’s ESG scores, particularly in the environmental performance. This article finds, strengthening internal control and external supervision can mitigate this negative effect. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and corporate managers aiming to achieve technological advancement alongside sustainable development goals.